If we add more salt to a saturated solution of salt, we see it fall to the bottom and no more seems to dissolve. In fact, the added salt does dissolve, as represented by the forward direction of the dissolution equation. The importance of hydrogen bonding in the solvation of ions was discussed in Section 8-7F. Mixtures of these two substances will form two separate layers with the less dense oil floating on top of the water. The difference, of course, is that the larger alcohols have larger nonpolar, hydrophobic regions in addition to their hydrophilic hydroxyl group. An example is the reaction of methanol with hydrogen bromide to give methyloxonium bromide, which is analogous to the formation of hydroxonium bromide with hydrogen bromide and water: Compounds like alcohols and phenol which contain an -OH group attached to a hydrocarbon are very weak acids. As you would almost certainly predict, especially if youve ever inadvertently taken a mouthful of water while swimming in the ocean, this ionic compound dissolves readily in water. of Intermolecular Forces on Compound Boiling Decreased levels of dissolved oxygen may have serious consequences for the health of the waters ecosystems and, in severe cases, can result in large-scale fish kills (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). As the solvent becomes more and more basic, the benzoic acid begins to dissolve, until it is completely in solution. If the solutes concentration is less than its solubility, the solution is said to be unsaturated. Precipitation of the solute is initiated by a mechanical shockwave generated when the flexible metal disk within the solution is clicked. 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https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FOrganic_Chemistry%2FMap%253A_Organic_Chemistry_(Wade)_Complete_and_Semesters_I_and_II%2FMap%253A_Organic_Chemistry_(Wade)%2F02%253A_Structure_and_Properties_of_Organic_Molecules%2F2.12%253A_Intermolecular_Forces_and_Solubilities, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( 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Herein, we synthesized two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (PcSA and PcOA) monosubstituted ?&4*;`TV~">|?.||feFlF_}.Gm>I?gpsO:orD>"\YFY44o^pboo7-ZvmJi->>\cC. Intermolecular forces