Specifically, olive oil polyphenols have been shown to decrease the circulating concentrations of interleukin 6 , a pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates inflammation in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. You might have heard from the doctor, when a toddler suffers from cold, to use betel leaves. One study that really highlights Nettle leafs protective effect on the kidneys was an animal study assessing the effect of Nettle on kidney toxicity induced by the nephrotoxic antibiotic gentamicin. Your support helps families facing kidney, Beef, chicken, green beans, cabbage, carrots, peas, dips, Beef, chicken, pork, green beans, cauliflower, eggplant, Chicken, pork, cauliflower, peas, marinades, risotto, Beef, chicken, pork, fish, green beans, beets, carrots, Fish, asparagus, beets, cabbage, cauliflower, marinades, They give flavor to food without the addition of salt, Herbs can be purchased dry or fresh and are budget friendly, You can easily grow them in a pot indoors or in your garden, There are many varieties of herbs which can be purchased as a single herb or as part of a blend, Daily Home and Nocturnal Hemodialysis/Peritoneal Dialysis. In a study in Current Medical Mycologyfrom 2015, it was found that olive leaf extract exhibited anti-yeast effects against Candida albicans. It may be used to relieve pain from severe headaches. Yield: about 1/2 cup Chou YT, Sun ZJ, Shen WC, et al. 1-1-2 tsp. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help (red betel) leaves have been used to heal many diseases, especially to increase endurance. WebBetel nut is used for schizophrenia, a group of eye disorders that can lead to vision loss ( glaucoma ), poor digestion, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific How you cook your leafy greens can make a difference in the amount of potassium and other nutrients. View abstract. PMC Chou CY, Cheng SY, Liu JH, Cheng WC, Kang IM, Tseng YH, Shih CM, Chen W. Public Health Nutr. Oral lichenoid contact lesions induced by areca nut and betel quid chewing: a mini review.
Cancers | Free Full-Text | Cancer Disparities among Pacific Betel leaf has strong anti-cancer and anti-mutagenic compounds in it and can lower the risk of developing cancer.
RISKS OF BETEL QUID 2012;48(5):655-61. Take a betel leaf (or shiso, spinach or other flat leaf if substituting) in your hand and wrap up into a cone shape. Papua New Guinea Med J 1988;31:229-233. Chu, N. S. Cardiovascular responses to betel chewing. Hemodialysis (3 times/week) Do not use if seal is This article is going to be discussing Nettle leaf which is the form of stinging nettle shown to have benefits in kidney disease.
Clinically Significant Bradycardia and Hypotension Following Obviously, healthy kidneys are essential for proper detoxification.
Betel Leaf Benefits That Will Blow Your The effect of betel nut on human performance. Chung, F. M., Chang, D. M., Chen, M. P., Tsai, J. C., Yang, Y. H., Shieh, T. Y., Shin, S. J., Chen, T. H., Tai, T. Y., and Lee, Y. J. Areca nut chewing is associated with metabolic syndrome: role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, and white blood cell count in betel nut chewing-related metabolic derangements. Chemical Composition, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Effects of Betel Nut. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Indian J Gastroenterol. The .gov means its official. Are they both protective in ulcerative colitis? 2022 Nov 14;15:8183-8190. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S386539. eCollection 2021. Yin, X. M., Peng, J. Y., and Gao, Y. J. 1/1-2 tsp. Kiyingi KS and Saweri A. Betelnut chewing causes bronchoconstriction in some asthma patients. View abstract. A rare cause of esophageal mucosal and submucosal lesions. As more research into the actions of Nettle leaf has been conducted, we now know that Nettle leaf has a powerful antioxidant activity.
RISKS OF BETEL QUID In Japan, olive leaves are taken orally for stomach and intestinal diseases, while in Greece and the Canary Islands, a hot water extract of olive leaves is taken orally to treat high blood pressure. crushed oregano Nettle leaf has diuretic properties which means that it may help the kidneys get rid of excess fluid from the body. WebIt is also used to reduce the risk of worsening kidney disease, the need to be hospitalized for heart failure, and the risk of death due to heart disease in adults with kidney disease. So, eating foods rich in oxalate like beetroot can deliver a high risk of having kidney stones. We frequently get asked about the safety of certain herbal medicines as people have heard from their doctor or read on various websites that herbs shouldnt be taken if you have CKD.
Betel Leaves Kidney Disease Solution Kidney Disease Solution is an complete step-by-step guide designed to enhance the health of kidneys and prevent kidney diseases. WebRegular chewers of betel leaf and areca nut have a greatly increased risk of developing a range of serious diseases, including oral and esophageal cancer.21 In India, and chronic kidney disease.25 Areca nut chewing has also been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease26 and adverse reproductive health outcomes, such as Nettle leaf was traditionally regarded as a blood purifier, a styptic (stops bleeding), a stimulating tonic, and a diuretic. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Green tea This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The nervous excitement of betel nut chewing has made it This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. 2022 Jan 31;23(3):1637. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031637. These antioxidants help PMC Betel-nut use is associated with CKD in men.
15 Health Benefits Of Methi Or Fenugreek Seeds To Know Li DF, Xu ZL, Yao J. Sullivan RJ, Allen JS, Otto C, et al. Also, Nettle has compounds that may act as calcium channel blockers, which relax your heart by reducing the force of contractions, resulting in lowering blood pressure. For The Treatment Of Cold. Thats probably a question for another day or else I might find myself going off on a bit of a tangent here but one thing to ask is where is the evidence for what I am reading (or being told). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Betel nut chewing associated with increased risk of arterial stiffness. It is unknown how this herb affects kidney function. Akhtar S, Sheikh AA, Qureshi HU. Mannan MA. increase in heart rate, blood pressure, sweating and body temperature 1. oral precancerous lesions, including erythroplakia and leukoplakia 8. oral cancers (predominantly of the lip, mouth, tongue, and pharynx) 1,12. If these cells are damaged, that leads to the early stages of a serious condition known as atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Betel-Nut Chewing Increases Difficulty in Tracheal Intubation. Researchers believe the protective effect is due to Nettle inhibiting renal damage, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. Lets take a closer look at some of the actions of Nettle leaf that make it a beneficial herb for people with kidney disease. MMP can dissolve the substances that bind cells together, leaving the lining of blood vessels at risk for the accumulation of dangerous plaque.10, Another contributing factor to the development of hardening of the arteries is the accumulation of LDL cholesterol, more commonly referred to as bad cholesterol. J Nerv.Ment.Dis. One study showed that olive leaf extract killed nearly all of the bacteria and fungi that were tested, including candida , dermatophytes and Escherichia coli.3 The latter is better known as E. coli, a bacteria that can lead to severe intestinal problems. 5. Olive leaf contains many potentially bioactive compounds that have antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties similar to the well-known olive oil benefits. WebHerbal teas for kidney disease can yield many benefits for your kidneys. 2012 Aug;16(4):1267-73 eCollection 2021 Sep. Chiu TT, Tsai TL, Su MY, Yang T, Tseng PL, Lee YJ, Lee CH. The MarketWatch News Department was not involved in the creation of this content. They are written in an easily understood language, so that all users get the most out of it. Its leaves and stems have been Lan, T. Y., Chang, W. C., Tsai, Y. J., Chuang, Y. L., Lin, H. S., and Tai, T. Y. Areca nut chewing and mortality in an elderly cohort study. More research is needed to determine whether olive oil in fact reduces your risk of cancer. Poppy seeds are small, black, and kidney shaped. Sheikh, M. Y., Rizvi, I. H., and Ahmed, I. Oesophageal carcinoma caused by betel nut. View abstract.
The Benefits of Nettle Leaf in Renal Disease They occur when calcium in the urine combines with the mineral phosphorus,says WebMD. Chen YY, Fang WH, Wang CC, et al. The program was developed by Duncan Capicchiano and his wife Fiona Chin, the program is designed to help users reverse kidney disease through natural methods. It usually goes something like this: Why are you recommending Nettle leaf when its dangerous for people with kidney disease? And I guess there are two answers to that question. WebBetel leaf or paan has high water content and low calories. Popular culinary herbs include basil, bay leaf, chervil, chives, cilantro, In the study, olive leaf extract killed almost every bacterium tested. -, Bioinformation. WebHemorrhoids are a fairly common disease, affecting the quality of life of patients. Background: Vimokesant, S. L., Hilker, D. M., Nakornchai, S., Rungruangsak, K., and Dhanamitta, S. Effects of betel nut and fermented fish on the thiamin status of northeastern Thais. Here are 12 foods that encourage kidney stone development, Also Check: Can You Reverse Kidney Disease Stage 3.
Is Bay leaf tea good for your kidneys? - Quora Gerreth, K. [Tooth wear in Hindu betel nut chewers]. PLoS One. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol 2006;58(6):835-837. 2). WebIt is well appreciated that the social determinants of health are intimately related with health outcomes.
[PDF] PHAGOCYTOSIS ACTIVITY OF BINAHONG (Anredera Raghavan V and Baruah HK. We searched five online databases including PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Wanfang and CNKI to identify observational studies that published prior to May, 1, 2017. -, J Pathol. Hemorrhoids, if left for a long time, will be difficult to treat completely and the risk of recurrence is high. WebPhosphorus is a mineral that may need to be limited in the diet of people with kidney disease especially for those on dialysis. The plant has a long history of use as a source for traditional medicine, food, tea, and even textile raw material. It increases levels of antioxidants within the body such as glutathione and it also increases the activity of our bodies own endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). 1979;167(4):250-251.
Betel Taylor, R. F., al-Jarad, N., John, L. M., Conroy, D. M., and Barnes, N. C. Betel-nut chewing and asthma. If you asked a herbalist to list off some key antioxidant herbs, Nettle leaf probably wouldnt top their list, but it turns out that maybe it should! Nettle leaf was traditionally regarded as a blood purifier, a styptic (stops bleeding), a stimulating tonic, and a diuretic. In this animal study7, rats with osteoarthritis that were given olive leaf extract experienced a significant reduction in paw swelling, leading researchers to believe that it holds promise as a treatment for human OA too. An official website of the United States government. government site. The association between hyperuricemia and betel nut chewing in Taiwanese men: a cross-sectional study. Ltd. All Rights Reserved, One specific herb we often get asked about is.
The relation between betel chewing and dental caries. Multiple animal studies have shown that Nettle leaf can lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. BMJ 1999;318:1287. 1998;40(1):25-28. So why do we recommend people with CKD use Nettle leaf? https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2020.628289/full. View abstract. J Investig Clin Dent. Some medications used for depression also increase serotonin. Take a large betel leaf and place it over the guduchi paste and secure the mixture with a bandage.
BETEL NUT - Uses, Side Effects, and More - WebMD The association between betel-nut use and CKD is independent of age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Journal of Dietary Supplements (J DIET SUPPL) 2008;5(3):305-309. Yuwanati M, Ramadoss R, Kudo Y, Ramani P, Senthil Murugan M. Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among areca nut chewers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pak.Med Assoc 1992;42(6):145-146.
33 Top Health Benefits of Betel Leaf (No.21 is Excellent!) The second answer is there is NO EVIDENCE that Nettle leaf is dangerous for people with CKD and in fact, the opposite is actually true- Nettle leaf can be beneficial for people with CKD. View abstract. I know many patients with kidney disease pretty love the good taste of parsley, which is native to the central Mediterranean region and now widely cultivated as a vegetable or a herb, so they must want to know can people with kidney disease eat parsley. View abstract. View abstract. Results: It was used to treat diarrhea, arthritis, discharges, chronic diseases of the colon, chronic skin eruptions, and urethral and bladder irritation. Hung, D. Z. and Deng, J. F. Acute myocardial infarction temporally related to betel nut chewing. 2022 Feb 28;14(5):1018. doi: 10.3390/nu14051018. Betel leaves may have cooling and analgesic (relieve pain) properties. Br J Cancer 3-2-2001;84(5):709-713. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please leave a comment or contact us at, Why Olive Leaf Extract is good for your health, 3 things you didnt know about Olive Leaf Extract. Some of these medications used for depression include phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), and others. And heres the thing, I searched for evidence showing that Nettle is risky for people with kidney disease (as certain websites state) and I couldnt find it anywhere. J Hist Med 1984;39:65-68.
Betel Leaf 2004;23(1):19-21. WebThe betel (Piper betle) is the leaf of a plant growing primarily in Southeast Asia that belongs to the same family as the pepper.
BETEL LEAF Secondly, we recommend Nettle leaf be taken as a tea which makes it an easy addition to your current supplement regime. Hunan.Yi.Ke.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao. Epub 2009 Feb 26. Zhang P, Chua NQE, Dang S, Davis A, Chong KW, Prime SS, Cirillo N. Int J Mol Sci. In Italy, people reach for a tincture of olive leaves to reduce fever, and in several countries, olive leaf extract has been used to treat malaria. Wei YT, Chou YT, Yang YC, Chou CY, Lu FH, Chang CJ, Wu JS. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2021 Aug 1;27:101090. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101090. Kidney Stones Mannan MA, Mohammad QD, Haqua A, and et al. Here are some betel leaves benefits for health. But using betel nut for a long time can be unsafe. Br J Psychiatry 2000;177:174-8. It has anti-microbial properties that can protect you from minor bacterial and fungal infections. A large number of Americans are thought to suffer from chronic Kidney Disease. View abstract. Conclusions: Keep all supplements out of reach of any children or pets in the home. Download the National Kidney FoundationsFact Sheet:Kidney-Friendly Superfoods:Leafy Greens. 1 Tbsp. The cells that make up this lining help to maintain a healthy blood pressure as well as proper circulation. As the Oral Dis 2021;27(6):1366-1375. Gilani, A. H., Ghayur, M. N., Saify, Z. S., Ahmed, S. P., Choudhary, M. I., and Khalid, A.
Is khus khus good for sleep? Explained by Sharing Culture Potential use of betel leaves for headache . Betel leaf is an excellent analgesic that offers instant relief from pain. Spoon in a small amount of each ingredient into the cone. Nettle leaf has been shown to lower the levels of these specific inflammatory cytokines (among others) within the body. Betel nut seems to affect certain chemicals in the brain and other parts of the central nervous system. As always, we recommend discussing any new herbs with your healthcare practitioner before starting on them. Betel-Quid Chewing, Heart Failure, and Premature Ventricular Contractions in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Symptoms. Huang, Z., Xiao, B., Wang, X., Li, Y., and Deng, H. Betel nut indulgence as a cause of epilepsy. However, there is a paucity of literature that explores these themes comprehensively for the indigenous people within Micronesia. Store in a cool, dry place.
Herbs | National Kidney Foundation People in the Mediterranean area of the world have long used olive leaf extract to help alleviate the symptoms of arthritis.
Betel Leaves & Areca Nuts and Cancer Risk One of the more important benefits provided by the oleuropein found in olive leaf extract is its ability to help the body ward off a wide range of potentially serious problems, such as ear infections, urinary tract infections, and others. May cause digestive problems. When making your Nettle leaf tea, add one teaspoon to boiling water and drink one to two cups a day. Herbs are savory plants used for flavoring food. Taking betel nut with these medications used for depression might cause there to be too much serotonin. These nutrients are potent antioxidants and are of great use to patients KidneyCoach.com is a website created to help people, like you, achieve kidney health and overall wellbeing through empowering and powerful content (articles, videos, and audio) each week. This prevents excess acid in the gastrointestinal system that's responsible for pain, gas, reflux, a feeling of fullness, and bloating.
Top 10 Medicinal Benefits of Betel Leaves - Medindia 2017 Nov 1;180:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.035. Dried, powdered olive leaf extract capsules serve up therapeutic doses of some of the compounds found in olive oil in a form thats virtually calorie-free. If you experience a prolonged headache or unbearable pain, However, the association between betel-nut chewing and risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is Results: Most people with CKD do not have to limit leafy greens because of potassium. Chang CK, Lee JI, Chang CF, Lee YC, Jhan JH, Wang HS, Shen JT, Tsao YH, Huang SP, Geng JH. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Schamschula, R. G., Adkins, B. L., Barmes, D. E., and Charlton, G. Betal chewing and caries experience in New Guinea. View abstract. Betel nut is chewed alone or in the form of quids, a mixture of. Bay leaf tea is good for kidneys as it contain enzymes which help to break down protein and digest the View abstract. However, the studies should not be interpreted as supportive of any health benefit. P N G Med J 1984;27(3-4):123-131. View abstract. Nagesh R, Kiran Kumar KM, Naveen Kumar M, Patil RH, Sharma SC. eCollection 2018. Natl Med J India 1998;11:113-6. View abstract. It was used to treat diarrhea, arthritis, Am J Clin Nutr 1975;28(12):1458-1463. Hung CC, Lee CH, Ko AM, Lane HY, Lee CP, Ko YC. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2001;39(4):355-360. Used in small amounts for seasoning, herbs are not a significant source of nutrients.
Each Capsule Contains/ Chaque Capsule Contient: TMC Helps in Eases Constipation Add a betel leaf and a tinge of black pepper into a dish of boiling water to cure indigestion among children. View abstract. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1996;34(6):741-745. The betel is a mild stimulant and has been used in traditional medicine for its beneficial properties. Eur J Cancer. Association between Betel Nut and Presence of Diverticulum in Male: A Cross-Sectional Study. Med J Aust. 2023 Jan 30;20(3):2453. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032453. Huang YC, Geng JH, Wu PY, Huang JC, Chen SC, Chang JM, Chen HC. Hsu YH, Liu WH, Chen W, Kuo YC, Hsiao CY, Hung PH, Jong IC, Chiang PC, Hsu CC. Hopefully, Ive given you a better understanding of why we recommend Nettle leaf as part of our Kidney Disease Solution Program and have allayed any concerns you may have had from being told that Nettle should be avoided by people with CKD. Gupta R, Mariano LC, Nethan ST, et al. Nettle, or Stinging Nettle, is a shrub that comes from northern Europe and Asia. WebHerbs are beneficial for people in all stages of kidney disease. Other beneficial materials are meditation audiobooks, nutritional plans, yoga videos, as well as treatment tracking devices. Some herbal supplements that have phosphorus include: American Ginseng. The degree of inflammation is related to the level of kidney dysfunction and is also linked to the presence of other symptoms (like proteinuria, osteoporosis, protein energy wasting) and conditions that are related to kidney disease like cardiovascular disease. Be sure to throw away any remaining olive leaf extract supplements once the expiration date listed on the label passes. Taufa T. Betel-Nut Chewing and Pregnancy. celery seed Helps in overcoming depression. It can be used in alleviating pain caused due to cuts, bruises, rashes. Moller, I. J., Pindborg, J. J., and Effendi, I. The aim of this research was to Expand 3 View 2 excerpts, references methods Immune modulation properties of herbal plant leaves: Phyllanthus niruri aqueous extract on immune cells of tuberculosis patient - in vitro study Fendell, L. D. and Smith, J. R. Betel-nut-associated cancer: report of case. The leaves and roots are most commonly used for medicinal reasons but its important to know that they have different actions so cant be used interchangeably.
Betel Leaves Is poppy seeds good for kidney patients? Calcium Phosphate Stones are a type of kidney stones that people need to watch for. Because its an all-natural approach, it targets the root cause of the problem. The study concluded that Nettle attenuates renal injury and has a protective effect against renal damage. Frewer, L. J. [Clinical study on the relationship between tooth abrasion and the habits of chewing betel nut]. PNG Med J 1994;37(2):90-99. In one specific study, Nettle leaf actually dissolved calcium oxalate kidney stones in rats, supporting previous reports that it may be beneficial for the treatment of kidney and urinary tract disorders. It also has low levels of fat and moderate amounts of protein. Beet juices, beets, and beet leaves contain about 610 mg of oxalate per 100g cup. The walls of the arteries are lined by a substance known as the endothelium. Vasodilators relax the muscles of the blood vessels, helping them widen and therefore lower blood pressure. Firstly though, lets start at the beginning. FOIA The program provides a variety of holistic and innovative treatment options using the latest research in the field of naturopathic research. View abstract. 1-1-2000;65(1):1-6. The South African experience. Renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury is caused by a sudden temporary impairment of blood flow to the kidneys and is associated with a strong inflammatory and oxidative stress response causing severe injury to the kidneys. Consuming betel leaf causes an increase in levels of vitamin E, glutathione, ascorbic acid. as each form of the herb has distinct therapeutic actions. The site is secure. 3-15-2007;165(6):677-683. The MarketWatch News Department was not involved in the creation of this content. There are many varieties and flavors that you can use in many ways, such as in salads, soups, stir fry, etc. Diabetes Care 2006;29(7):1714. Tung, T. H., Chiu, Y. H., Chen, L. S., Wu, H. M., Boucher, B. J., and Chen, T. H. A population-based study of the association between areca nut chewing and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men (Keelung Community-based Integrated Screening programme No. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Yang L, Dang W, Yu X, He Y, Shi C, Yi J, Gao L, Li S, Zhou T, Ma Y. Int J Gen Med. If you are a calcium oxalate stone former, talk with your doctor or kidney dietitian about the need to limit oxalates. View abstract. Wang M, Yu SY, Lv ZT, Yao Y. Betel nut chewing and the risk of chronic kidney disease: evidence from a meta-analysis.
The benefits of chewing betel leaf | Ayurveda - OnManorama Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2020;112(2):158. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for betel nut. 6. Diabetologia 2004;47(10):1776-1781. 2018 Jun;50(6):1097-1104. doi: 10.1007/s11255-018-1819-8. The appropriate dose of betel nut depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. However, certain foods can cause kidney stones and keep these organs from functioning optimally. Dysfunction of the Prefrontal Cortex in Betel-Quid-Dependent Chewers. Herbs are beneficial for people in all stages of kidney disease including: Some herbal teas can interfere with actions of medicines. 2018 Oct 25;13(10):e0206383. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. 8600 Rockville Pike Oral submucous fibrosis. Lee, C. N., Jayanthi, V., McDonald, B., Probert, C. S., and Mayberry, J. F. Betel nut and smoking. Alterative- has a purifying and detoxifying effect and aids in the clearance of metabolic waste, If looking to supplement with Nettle, first make sure you are purchasing. View abstract. In fact, olive leaves and their extracts have long been used throughout the Mediterranean to combat painful, inflamed joints1, and arthritis. Relieves joint pain. Our goal is to not have a single piece of inaccurate information on this website. Since then, olive leaves have been used therapeutically in the human diet as an extract, herbal tea and powder. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Chen SY, Tsai YS, Wu YH, Wang ST, Kang TW, Tseng CA. Fenugreek leaves are a storehouse of many minerals and vitamins. The first being that we wouldnt recommend ANYTHING that was dangerous for people with CKD. Betel nut chewing is strongly associated with general and central obesity in Chinese male middle-aged adults. Follow the directions on the supplement packaging. Development and Validation of a Self-Administered Screening Test for Betel Quid Use Disorders in Betel Quid Chewers in Hunan, China. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)/Transplant Most people