population based prevention population based prevention

Population-based preventive strategies, elaborated by epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose, can maximize the impact of public health interventions. F.G. declares no conflict of interest. 2015 Jul;43:39-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.04.012. -, Rebbeck T.R., Friebel T., Lynch H.T., Neuhausen S.L., vant Veer L., Garber J.E., Evans G.R., Narod S.A., Isaacs C., Matloff E., et al. The site is secure. Influences on Patient Uptake of and Engagement With the National Health Service Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme: Qualitative Interview Study One of the biggest issues for the field is the reduction in effect sizes seen when a program is taken to scale. Before See this image and copyright information in PMC. Reprod. However, this promise is challenging to fulfill. Considers multiple levels of practice. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. -. It requires people to develop cancer before identifying unaffected individuals in the family to target prevention. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Considers multiple levels of prevention with preference for primary prevention. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: An updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Discussion: The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Risks of Breast, Ovarian, and Contralateral Breast Cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers. 8600 Rockville Pike This critical process, which involved hundreds of public health nurses, resulted in a more robust Intervention Wheel and established the validity of the model. However, its impact in a real-world population has not been fully assessed. Maintenance of internet-based prevention: a randomized controlled trial. Assessing the effectiveness of population-based suicide prevention requires adherence to the principles of pragmatic trials: population-based enrollment, accepting variable treatment participation, assessing outcomes using health record data, and analyses based on intent-to-treat. The critique also produced basic steps and best practices for each of the 17 interventions. Epidemiological studies of suicide and intervention studies in selected risk groups. 0000022829 00000 n WebPopulation-Based Prevention of Child Maltreatment: The U.S. Consult the KOL Community Resources ; High-quality guides curated by a team of professionals observing a rigorous review process. Please return to this page for updates. Disclaimer. Questions emerge as to the best ways to take a complex systems approach, specifically with respect to population physical activity (PA). Seven Trailblazers Addressing Community Violence Intervention Across the U.S. OJJDP News @ a Glance, January/February 2023, Community Based Violence Intervention Strategy Webinars, Learn about JustGrants, DOJ's Grants Management System. Would you like email updates of new search results? Han J, Hao Y, Cui N, Wang Z, Lyu P, Yue L. BMC Prim Care. 2020. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Many clinical trials have reported that low-dose aspirin decreases the risk of pre-eclampsia in women with prior pre-eclampsia. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2022;28(4):721-738. doi: 10.1080/13575279.2021.1933902. FOIA Effect of Offering Care Management or Online Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training vs Usual Care on Self-harm Among Adult Outpatients With Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 64. Complex systems approaches are increasingly used in health promotion and noncommunicable disease prevention research, policy and practice. 2023 Jan;50(1):114-127. doi: 10.1007/s10488-022-01226-x. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Association between population mean and distribution of deviance in demographic surveys from 65 countries: cross sectional study. WebA population-based intervention programme shares ownership of the injury problem with the whole community, experts and community members. Large effect sizes were found for three independently derived population indicators: substantiated child maltreatment, child out-of-home placements, and child maltreatment injuries. Updated for FY 2022, this resource contains information to help you prepare and submit applications for OJP funding and offers guidance on award administration. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. See this image and copyright information in PMC. NIDA Research Monograph 177, NIH Publication No. FOIA 0000002692 00000 n It can be defined as what we as a society do collectively to assure the Genetic risk factors have a substantial impact on healthy life years. Slawson DL, Dalton WT 3rd, Dula TM, Southerland J, Wang L, Littleton MA, Mozen D, Relyea G, Schetzina K, Lowe EF, Stoots JM, Wu T. Contemp Clin Trials. Population-based and individual interventions are not exclusive but complementary strategies (Novick, 2001). Health Impact in 5 Years (HI-5) Interventions, The Local Health Department as Community Chief Health Strategist, Becoming a Community Chief Health Strategist, Public Health 3.0: A Challenge for the Nation, a Charge for Public Health, Populations, Population Health, and the Evolution of Population Management: Making Sense of the Terminology in US Health Care Today, Association for Community Health Improvement offers a definition of the term, The high achieving health department in 2020 as the community chief health strategist, Organizing and financing population health: systems, policies & incentives, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, Population Health Training in Place Program, Fellowships, Internships, and Learning Opportunities, Preventive Medicine Residency and Fellowship, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO). Bookshelf 2010 Jun 28;170(12):1037-44. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.150. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. Conclusions: Duval S, Van't Hof JR, Oldenburg NC, Eder M, Finnegan JR Jr, Luepker RV. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). How is Population Health Different from Public Health? sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Saving Lives, Protecting People, brings significant health concerns into focus and addresses ways that resources can be allocated to overcome the problems that drive poor health conditions in the population, Health Impact in 5 Years (HI-5) initiative. Expanding roles for public health nursing. NCJ Number 255453 Journal Prevention Science Issue: 10 Dated: 2009 Pages: 1-12 Author (s) Ronald J. Prinz; Matthew R. Sanders; Cheri J. Shapiro; Daniel J. Whitaker; John WebThis article sets out how the prevention of child maltreatment can be enhanced by a multi-level population-based approach in providing evidence- based parenting and family support. Suicide remains the 10th-ranked most frequent cause of death in the United States, accounting for over 40,000 deaths per year. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Joint responsibility is taken for determining priorities and appropriate interventions are widely promoted. Flynn MA, McNeil DA, Maloff B, Mutasingwa D, Wu M, Ford C, Tough SC. Altern Ther Health Med. CDCs Division of Population Health (DPH) works to improve the nations health by providing state and local data on chronic diseases, risk factors, and outcomes. We all have a stake in population health. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal -. PMC 2021 Aug 26;18(17):8980. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18178980. Accessibility 2004 Aug 4;44(3):720-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.001. Epub 2020 Mar 2. The model has been widely disseminated and used throughout the United States since that time. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2023 Mar 3. doi: 10.1007/s40265-023-01842-3. 05-2008. trailer << /Size 123 /Info 87 0 R /Root 92 0 R /Prev 405629 /ID[] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 92 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 86 0 R /Metadata 88 0 R /AcroForm 93 0 R >> endobj 93 0 obj << /Fields [ ] /DR << /Font << /ZaDb 52 0 R /Helv 53 0 R >> /Encoding << /PDFDocEncoding 54 0 R >> >> /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) >> endobj 121 0 obj << /S 497 /T 617 /V 673 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 122 0 R >> stream Epub 2006 Sep 8. and transmitted securely. Accessibility 2018 Jul 1;110(7):714-725. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djx265. Questions emerge as to the best ways to take a complex systems approach, specifically with respect to Conditions. Method: We analyzed individuals who underwent GC screening between 2013 and You can review and change the way we collect information below. Manchanda R, Patel S, Antoniou AC, Levy-Lahad E, Turnbull C, Evans DG, Hopper JL, Macinnis RJ, Menon U, Jacobs I, Legood R. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Obes Rev. This study is the first to randomize geographical areas and show preventive impact on child maltreatment at a population level using evidence-based parenting interventions. eCollection 2022. doi: 10.1023/A:1020807613155. Bookshelf Epub 2012 Jun 14. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem055. This has been found to be acceptable, feasible, clinically-effective, safe, associated with high satisfaction rates and extremely cost-effective. Complex systems approaches are increasingly used in health promotion and noncommunicable disease prevention research, policy and practice. Context: Toward a Healthy and Environmentally Sustainable Campus Food Environment: A Scoping Review of Postsecondary Food Interventions. Cost-effectiveness of Population-Based BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51C, RAD51D, BRIP1, PALB2 Mutation Testing in Unselected General Population Women. An official website of the United States government. Health Promot Int. "Population-Based Prevention of Obesity" recommends an approach that would complement individually-oriented strategies, including clinic-based prevention and treatment programs. 8600 Rockville Pike National Library of Medicine MeSH Child Abuse Negl. Primary evaluation will compare risk of suicide attempt or death over 18 months according to the initial assignment, regardless of intervention participation. 2019 Jan;23(1):109-119. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-2600-4. Michaelson-Cohen R, Cohen MJ, Cohen C, Greenberg D, Shmueli A, Lieberman S, Tomer A, Levy-Lahad E, Lahad A. The LDL-targeted strategy and the low-intensity population-based strategy were comparable for CV events prevented over five years (0.79 million and 0.75 million, respectively), as were the risk-targeted strategy and moderate-intensity population-based strategy (1.56 million and 1.87 million, respectively). A number of studies have evaluated population-based BRCA-testing in the Jewish population. A novel, multi-ingredient supplement to manage elevated blood lipids in patients with no evidence of cardiovascular disease: a pilot study. Objectives: To assess the rates of low-dose Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 0000032166 00000 n WebThis multi-level system includes five intervention levels of increasing intensity and narrowing population reach for the purpose of improving parental competence and prevent or change dysfunctional parenting practices. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted government site. A Skills Training intervention includes interactive online training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy skills, supported by reminder and reinforcement messages from a skills coach. Population panel testing for BRCA1/BRCA2/RAD51C/RAD51D/BRIP1/PALB2 gene mutations is the most cost-effective genetic-testing strategy in general-population women and can prevent thousands more breast and ovarian cancers than current clinical-criteria based approaches. Triple P System Population Trial. National Association of Chronic Disease Directors. Conclusions: The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Cancer Inst. This study uses risk factor data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III to simulate a population of more than 100 million Americans aged thirty or older with no history of CV disease. Disclaimer. DPH focuses on prevention strategies for specific populations and settings, facilitates the development and use of innovative public health programs and data analytics, undertakes prevention research, and advances evidence-based practices. In: StatPearls [Internet]. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.06.038. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Prinz RJ, Sanders MR, Shapiro CJ, Whitaker DJ, Lutzker JR. Prev Sci. The .gov means its official. Would you like email updates of new search results? BRCA; Jewish; cancer prevention; general population; genetic testing; population testing; primary prevention. PMC All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Bookshelf Keywords: CO 3: Plan prevention and population-focused interventions for vulnerable populations using professional clinical judgment and evidence-based practice. 430458. Importance Unhealthy alcohol use is common and affects morbidity and mortality but is often neglected in medical settings, despite guidelines for both prevention and treatment.. Several decades of concerted research on eating disorders have generated a broad range of proposed causal influences, but much of this etiologic research does not elucidate practical avenues for preventive interventions. This process is inefficient, resource intensive and misses >50% of individuals or mutation carriers at risk. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. The efficiency of each strategy was compared while varying the intervention's intensity and associated adverse effects, and the accuracy of the risk prediction tool. vol. Epub 2021 Jun 17. The use of multivariable risk prediction tools, however, may affect the relative merits of this strategy. 2022 Aug 13;8(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s40814-022-01131-y. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. In: Ashery R. S., Robertson E. B., Kumpfer K. L., editors. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. and transmitted securely. BMJ. low physical activity and unbalanced and western-style diets), which leads to a low-grade inflammatory state and an increase in oxidative stress, due to an unbalanced ratio of pro-oxidants and WebPopulation-based preventive strategies, elaborated by epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose, can maximize the impact of public health interventions. WebIn population-based nursing, theory helps explain and organize relationships among intervention. An official website of the United States government. In the U.S. Parenting and parenting resources among Chinese parents with children under three years of age: rural and urban differences. an opportunity for health care systems, agencies and organizations to work together in order to improve the health outcomes of the communities they serve. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The theme for National Crime Victims Rights Week (NCVRW) 2023Survivor Voices: Elevate. Each intervention supplements, rather than replaces, usual care; participants may receive any other services normally available. Triple P System Population Trial, 18 counties were randomly assigned to either dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program system or to the services-as-usual control condition. Part II provides examples of the innovative ways that the Intervention Wheel is being used in public health/public health nursing practice, education, and administration. Dissemination involved Triple P professional training for the existing workforce (over 600 service providers), as well as universal media and communication strategies. 0000032306 00000 n If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. They may be challenging to implement and evaluate. and transmitted securely. Recent evidence indicates that responses to the commonly used Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) can identify outpatients who are at risk of suicide attempt and suicide death and that specific psychotherapy or Care Management programs can prevent suicide attempts in high-risk patients. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. A Care Management intervention includes systematic outreach to assess suicide risk, EHR-based tools to implement risk-based care pathways, and care management to facilitate recommended follow-up. COVID-19-related stigma and its relationship with mental wellbeing: A cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study in Japan. But if the intervention has even a small degree of disutility, a targeted approach using multivariable risk prediction can prevent more morbidity and mortality while treating many fewer people. It can be defined as what we as a society do collectively to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy (Institute of Medicine, 1988). The Implementing Community Based Violence Intervention (CVI) Strategies is a 5-part webinar series which delivers information on a wide range of issues important to successfully implementing CVI strategies. Careers. 0000009199 00000 n and transmitted securely. KOL Key Opinion Leaders & Influencers . doi: 10.1136/bmj.k3147. Quality of studies was evaluated using appropriate check-lists. Would you like email updates of new search results? (publisher abstract modified), Territories Financial Support Center (TFSC), Tribal Financial Management Center (TFMC). Views of BRCA gene mutation carriers on preimplantation genetic diagnosis as a reproductive option for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. 0000023183 00000 n Would you like email updates of new search results? Simon GE, Shortreed SM, Rossom RC, Beck A, Clarke GN, Whiteside U, Richards JE, Penfold RB, Boggs JM, Smith J. JAMA. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Transl Behav Med. The current clinical model for genetic testing is based on clinical-criteria/family-history (FH) and a pre-defined mutation probability threshold. McCarroll JE, Fisher JE, Cozza SJ, Robichaux RJ, Fullerton CS. Results: WebOBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of periconceptional use of 400 microgram folic acid only on the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) METHOD As part of a public health campaign in areas of high (North) and low (South) NTDs prevalence in the China during 1993 and 1995, 130 142 pill takers and 117 689 non-pill takers were recruited Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Mil Med. Disclaimer. Before WebPopulation-based interventions such as restricting access to lethal means of suicide and improving media reporting are powerful suicide prevention strategies. The tiered levels of intervention are matched to However, as helpful Predicting the Sustained Implementation of an Evidence-Based Parenting Program: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Offering a parenting program only to high-risk groups may impact on that relatively small section of the community. Trauma Violence Abuse. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-10-201305210-00642. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The Intervention Wheel, previously known as the Public Health Intervention Model, was originally introduced in 1998 by the Minnesota Department of Health, Section of Public Health Nursing. Epub 2022 Sep 28. This study examined population health literacy levels and health trends from 2012 to 2018. Addendum to "Population-Based Prevention of Child Maltreatment: The U.S. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies In addition to evidence supporting the effectiveness for various facets of Triple P in improving Characteristics, Classification, and Prevention of Child Maltreatment Fatalities. 2021 May 24;35:66. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.35.66. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. government site. Accuracy of ICD-10-CM encounter diagnoses from health records for identifying self-harm events. In: National Vital Statistics Reports. Nat Rev Neurol. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Before doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.7112. Interest in genetic testing and risk-reducing behavioral changes: results from a community health assessment in New York City. Part II. and transmitted securely. Would you like email updates of new search results? Khazanov GK, Jager-Hyman S, Harrison J, Candon M, Buttenheim A, Pieri MF, Oslin DW, Wolk CB. Triple P System Population Trial, 18 counties were randomly assigned to either dissemination of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program system or to the services-as -, Cuzick J., Sestak I., Bonanni B., Costantino J.P., Cummings S., DeCensi A., Dowsett M., Forbes J.F., Ford L., LaCroix A.Z., et al. WebIntroduction: This study compares the risk of GC according to age at H. pylori eradication, stratified based on the presence of family history of GC using a population-based large cohort. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Relationship between Serum LDL and Five-Year Risk of CV Events and Mortality for 4,922 Individuals in NHANES III. The targeted prevention involves identifying and serving individuals at higher risk . 2021 Oct 1;12(5):1996-2022. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab026. WebThe Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP) were introduced in a 2003 supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Library of Medicine Razak F, Subramanian SV, Sarma S, Kawachi I, Berkman L, Davey Smith G, Corsi DJ. WebIn order to develop treatment plans and prevention strategies, chronic pain needs to be understood in the context of social, biological, psychological, and physical factors. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of combining nutritional and physical activity (PA) factors on four different categories, according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia and central obesity. 0000010780 00000 n An official website of the United States government. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. The Intervention Wheel is a population-based practice model that encompasses three levels of practice (community, systems, and individual/family) and 17 public health interventions. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. A community-based group randomized trial to increase aspirin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Study protocol and baseline results for the "Ask About Aspirin" initiative. 0000013045 00000 n government site. Discussion: Assessing the effectiveness of population-based suicide prevention requires adherence to the principles of pragmatic trials: population-based enrollment, accepting variable treatment participation, assessing outcomes using health Matern Child Health J. Results: Among HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help MeSH 0000021275 00000 n The validation of these results in real-world population-based studies is therefore valuable to assess the relevance and the effectiveness of treatment guidelines for the prevention of pre-eclampsia. Careers. 91 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 94 /H [ 1226 632 ] /L 407577 /E 351200 /N 14 /T 405639 >> endobj xref 91 32 0000000016 00000 n Following a modified Zelen design, all those identified are assigned to continued usual care (i.e., no contact) or to be offered one of two population-based outreach programs. Official websites use .gov Method: We analyzed individuals who underwent GC screening between 2013 and 2014 and received H. pylori eradication therapy before screening. Translating etiologic theory into community health interventions depends on the identification of key leverage points, factors that are amenable to public health intervention and provide an opportunity to maximize impact on the outcome of interest. Public Health Nurs. Leveraging behavioral economics and implementation science to engage patients at risk for suicide in mental health treatment: a pilot study protocol. WebPurpose This weeks discussion relates to the following Course Outcomes (COs). Each intervention and practice level contributes to improving population health. Austin SB, Field AE, Wiecha J, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. 0000013700 00000 n WebMetabolic syndrome (MetS) afflicts about 20-30 % of the global population, and is increasing in prevalence and incidence. Bookshelf Risk of suicide attempt and suicide death following completion of the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module in community practice. Epub 2022 Sep 12. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Faseru B, Mussulman LM, Nazir N, Ellerbeck EF, Shergina E, Scheuermann TS, Gajewski BJ, Catley D, Richter KP. Biglan A. Translating what we know about the context of antisocial behavior into a lower prevalence of such behavior. OBJECTIVES: To assess the rates of low-dose aspirin initiation during pregnancy in women with a history of pre-eclampsia, and to Preventive medicine has historically favored reducing a risk factor by a small amount in the entire population rather than by a large amount in high-risk individuals. We defined From the 20082011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2971 older adults aged 65 years were included and Lee KM, Dias GM, Boluk K, Scott S, Chang YS, Williams TE, Kirkpatrick SI. These cases, which address recommended core competencies in prevention education, have been taught to both medical students and preventive medicine residents. Findings: Complex systems approaches are increasingly used in health promotion and noncommunicable disease prevention research, policy and practice. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. Using an Attributes Model is one way to understand complex This study is the first to randomize geographical areas and show preventive impact on child maltreatment at a population level using evidence-based parenting interventions. Overcoming the unhealthy pursuit of thinness: reaction to the Qubec Charter for a Healthy and Diverse Body Image. 2022 Sep 29;10:1010720. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1010720. National Library of Medicine (2003). WebA population-based prevention strategy can be an excellent option if an intervention has almost no adverse effects. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS 0000022205 00000 n Epub 2021 Oct 18. National Center for Health Statistics: Deaths: final data for 2013. Methods: Real World Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Population Screening for BRCA Variants among Ashkenazi Jews Compared with Family History-Based Strategies. WebBACKGROUND: Many clinical trials have reported that low-dose aspirin decreases the risk of pre-eclampsia in women with prior pre-eclampsia. Bodenmann, G., Cina, A., Ledermann, T., & Sanders, M. R. (2008). Addresses the broad determinants of health. -, Menon U., Harper J., Sharma A., Fraser L., Burnell M., Elmasry K., Rodeck C., Jacobs I. 2022;43(1):1035-1042. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2060441. 2015 Apr 2;15:322. doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-1637-1. An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice. J Am Coll Cardiol. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016 Apr;17(3):410-6. doi: 10.1007/s11121-016-0631-x. 2023 Feb 1;24(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s12875-023-01993-y. uM endstream endobj 122 0 obj 509 endobj 94 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 90 0 R /Resources 95 0 R /Contents 105 0 R /BleedBox [ 22 24 538 756 ] /TrimBox [ 28 30 532 750 ] /Thumb 55 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 561 780 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 561 780 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 95 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 113 0 R /F2 102 0 R /F3 107 0 R /F4 111 0 R /F5 97 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 118 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /DefaultCMYK 104 0 R /Cs6 101 0 R /Cs8 104 0 R >> >> endobj 96 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 315 >> stream